[61] Near the time of the equinoxes, the Sun faces the equator of Uranus giving a period of day–night cycles similar to those seen on most of the other planets. [63][121] Determining the nature of this seasonal variation is difficult because good data on Uranus' atmosphere have existed for less than 84 years, or one full Uranian year. [88] The Uranian thermosphere, together with the upper part of the stratosphere, corresponds to the ionosphere of Uranus. [143][145] In contrast, Uranus' inner rings appear grey. Its name is a reference to the Greek god of the sky, Uranus, who, according to Greek mythology, was the grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter) and father of Cronus (Saturn). ", "It rains solid diamonds on Uranus and Neptune", "Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions", "Outer planets may have oceans of diamond", "Oceans of diamond possible on Uranus and Neptune", "Lightning storms make it rain diamonds on Saturn and Jupiter", "Weird water lurking inside giant planets", "The Upper Atmosphere of Uranus: EUV Occultations Observed by Voyager 2", "Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements", "Reanalysis of voyager 2 UVS occultations at Uranus: Hydrocarbon mixing ratios in the equatorial stratosphere", "Coupled Clouds and Chemistry of the Giant Planets – A Case for Multiprobes", "Uranus after Solstice: Results from the 1998 November 6 Occultation", "The rotational temperature and column density of H, "Topsy-Turvy Motion Creates Light Switch Effect at Uranus", "Convective-region geometry as the cause of Uranus' and Neptune's unusual magnetic fields", "Plasma Observations Near Uranus: Initial Results from Voyager 2", "Revisiting Decades-Old Voyager 2 Data, Scientists Find One More Secret - Eight and a half years into its grand tour of the solar system, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft was ready for another encounter. Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure. [108] The density of low-energy (below 1 kiloelectronvolt) ions in the inner magnetosphere is about 2 cm−3. [104][105] Neptune has a similarly displaced and tilted magnetic field, suggesting that this may be a common feature of ice giants. [48], Uranus is called by a variety of translations in other languages. [35], The object was soon universally accepted as a new planet. The name was borne in Greek mythology by the son and husband of Gaia; he was the personification of the sky. Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. [23][115] Wind speeds increase with the distance from the equator, reaching zero values near ±20° latitude, where the troposphere's temperature minimum is located. [1] It is the only planet whose English name is derived directly from a figure of Greek mythology. [15] The total mass of ice in Uranus' interior is not precisely known, because different figures emerge depending on the model chosen; it must be between 9.3 and 13.5 Earth masses. [93] Heat is also conducted from the hot thermosphere. [16][84] Uranus' heat flux is only 0.042±0.047 W/m2, which is lower than the internal heat flux of Earth of about 0.075 W/m2. A narrow band straddling the latitudinal range from −45 to −50° is the brightest large feature on its visible surface. [f], Consensus on the name was not reached until almost 70 years after the planet's discovery. [91][94][95] Spectroscopy has also uncovered traces of water vapour, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere, which can only originate from an external source such as infalling dust and comets. [87] The tenuous thermosphere extends over two planetary radii from the nominal surface, which is defined to lie at a pressure of 1 bar. [29], Herschel notified the Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne of his discovery and received this flummoxed reply from him on 23 April 1781: "I don't know what to call it. Ouranos (Old Greek) and Uranus (Latin) are older forms of the name. [111][138], William Herschel described a possible ring around Uranus in 1789. [23][114] Recent observation also discovered that cloud features on Uranus have a lot in common with those on Neptune. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the Uranian stratosphere above the haze is significantly lower than in the stratospheres of the other giant planets. [141] Later they detected four additional rings. [21] Voyager 2 also discovered two additional faint rings, bringing the total number to eleven. [91][94][96] Heavier hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide have mixing ratios three orders of magnitude lower. [100] Its effects include a drag on small particles orbiting Uranus, causing a general depletion of dust in the Uranian rings. [149] A Uranus entry probe could use Pioneer Venus Multiprobe heritage and descend to 1–5 atmospheres. Its other name in Thai is Dao Maritayu (ดาวมฤตยู, Star of Mṛtyu), after the Sanskrit word for 'death', Mrtyu (मृत्यु). [15][73] This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The adjectival form of Uranus is "Uranian". In a letter to Herschel, Lalande described it as "un globe surmonté par la première lettre de votre nom" ("a globe surmounted by the first letter of your surname"). [56] The intensity of sunlight varies inversely with the square of distance, and so on Uranus (at about 20 times the distance from the Sun compared to Earth) it is about 1/400 the intensity of light on Earth. [24] Sir William Herschel first observed Uranus on 13 March 1781, leading to its discovery as a planet, expanding the known boundaries of the Solar System for the first time in history and making Uranus the first planet classified as such with the aid of a telescope. When their observations were analysed, they found that the star had disappeared briefly from view five times both before and after it disappeared behind Uranus. [116] Besides the large-scale banded structure, Voyager 2 observed ten small bright clouds, most lying several degrees to the north from the collar. Are probably quite young ; the dynamics considerations indicate that they blow in the visible brightens. Uranus ' atmosphere is methane ( CH4 ). [ 147 ]:118: [ ]... Οὐρανός ( ouranos ) meaning `` the heavens '' monoxide is similar at these altitudes their speeds are −360! Spotted two small satellites, one pole faces the Sun and moon [ 10 ] this of... 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