Connecting hyphens are used in a large number of miscellaneous compounds, other than modifiers, such as in lily-of-the-valley, cock-a-hoop, clever-clever, tittle-tattle and orang-utan. Thank you. 2) The CD comes with a 6-page, accordion-style booklet. A 12-foot-tall, 13-foot-wide by 25-foot-long wall will be installed to meet the two-hour fire resistance requirement. Basically I think the hyphen sticks with the preceding elements of the compound rather than the end – am I right? Thanks. In spelled-out fractions, hyphens are usually used when the fraction is used as an adjective but not when it is used as a noun: thus two-thirds majority[a] and one-eighth portion but I drank two-thirds of the bottle or I kept three-quarters of it for myself. two- (2-) year period Includes helpful articles, a glossary, quizzes, and a large language reference. Writers often hyphenate prefixes when they feel a word might be distracting or confusing without the hyphen. If it is used as a formal title of a document, it should be capitalized. However, some established compound adjectives are always hyphenated. I’m creating a poster for an event. Yellowstone is the eighth-largest national park in the United States. When writing out new, original, or unusual compound nouns, writers should hyphenate whenever doing so avoids confusion. But she forgot to mentioned about the hyphens with number sections. Spelling out numbers vs. using figures is largely a matter of writers’ preference. …thin plates (3/8-inch to 3/4-inch) to thick plates (1-inch to 1-1/2-inch)…. Examples: The number twenty-five is always hyphenated regardless of how it is used in a sentence. 2nd: “2” (5 cm) air gap” or “2” (5-cm) air gap?” Hyphen between the 5 and cm? At the time hyphenation was joining two words that would otherwise be read separately by a low tie mark between the two words. One hundred fifteen is not a compound adjective in your example; it is simply a number. We cannot think of an example where there would be a hyphen between 24 and seconds. Our Rule 2 of Writing Numbers states, “Be consistent within a category. Our guess is that you have simple measurements within your parentheses which, if written out, are really saying “. 1920s–’30s If so, how do I use hyphens when both of them are written out? Uh oh! building.’ (What is a ‘foot building?’) Surely this is not a grammatically correct way to write this, and I challenge this. I find them quite disturbing in this context. I prefer to leave the number alone, with no hyphen attaching it to the “square-foot,” It just looks better. She is the second eldest child. A 22-inch monitor is too big for my desk. learning English. OR You could type “I have between five [thousand] and fifteen thousand …” It seems like attorneys should be able to search for written-out numbers as well as numerals, but you could probably also write “I have between [5,000] and 15,000 … “. If you must use a numeral, use a hyphen. However, he says it is typically common in his company standards to abbreviate measurements (even when adjectives). We agree that “tall,” plus all the words preceding “wall” should be hyphenated. “This area needs to be a 2 to 3-foot section…” (APA style). Self-restraint 12. The water level rose 10 inches in just three hours. It’s my understanding that fifteen thousand doesn’t have a hyphen by itself. Usage that is standard in mathematical, statistical, technical, or scientific contexts is not always in agreement with grammatical guidance. If not used as an adjective, you might write this: It takes three years to complete the course work and obtain the degree. There's no suggestion that person who looks "20-odd" has to be 20 or over. or hyphenated simple fraction (two-thirds in two-thirds majority).”. For example, compare 4+3−2=5 (minus) and 4+3-2=5 (hyphen-minus); in most fonts the hyphen-minus will not have the optimal width, thickness, or vertical position, whereas the minus character will. Section 18.9.1 "Using Hyphens with Compound Words". In Unicode it is defined as .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}U+2011 ‑ .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}NON-BREAKING HYPHEN (HTML ‑). Examples: A nanorobot-filled bandage came out of a sixteen-inch–diameter housing. Since Three-Day is a compound adjective describing the word Celebration, we would ordinarily recommend using a hyphen. vs. E.g. In addition, the style guides recommend spelling out the number six. Twelve hours later, he was exhausted. including advice, tutorials, opinions and lesson plans from various I disagree with you on the following use of hyphens, however: “Therefore, the proper way to write the sentence would be: The site consists of a 5,010-square-foot parcel that is occupied by a 15,030-square-foot commerical building that was built in 1920.”. She has a two-and-a-half-year-old daughter. The drawer is 14 inches tall. I’m writing a brochure and I’m not sure how to punctuate this…”engage in 30- to 40-minute discussion with panelists” or “engage in 30 to 40-minute discussion with panelists”? OR Thanks! The first complexity is that your example contains both simple fractions and a mixed fraction. Should I be writing 2.4 and 5 GHz bands Thanks for your advice! Here’s one with a scientific bent. Rule 9a. Sometimes. [15] Compound modifiers can extend to three or more words, as in ice-cream-flavored candy, and can be adverbial as well as adjectival (spine-tinglingly frightening). Uh oh! ing). ft. building. A hyphen is frequently required when forming original compound verbs for vivid writing, humor, or special situations. The Chicago Manual of Style says, “A hyphen is helpful in expressions such as ‘five-two.’ ”. Which is correct: "[18] But permanent compounds, found as headwords in dictionaries, are treated as invariable, so if they are hyphenated in the cited dictionary, the hyphenation will be used in both attributive and predicative positions. This is an area where you can find different guidelines from different reference manuals. No hyphen is necessary within the mixed fraction “2 1/2.” Therefore, write “2 1/2-year-old.” For readability in email documents, you could also cut and paste “½” from a word processing program. Write three words that each use one of these prefixes and suffixes. …. With no hyphen we get deice, which might stump readers. Thanks for your help. In the 19th century, it was common to hyphenate adverb–adjective modifiers with the adverb ending in -ly (e.g., "a craftily-constructed chair"). Remembering Jane Straus | May 18, 1954—February 25, 2011 | Author of the original Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation. Whether a hyphen is placed before the word “inch” or not depends upon whether these are compound adjectives or simple measurements. I have to work two eight-hour shifts this week. [26] In Greek these marks were known as enotikon, officially romanized as a hyphen. Does the phrase “more reliable readings” mean “more instances (data points) of reliable readings” or “more-reliable readings (though all readings would have been somewhat-reliable, no matter what…)”? Is this correct: The project area was located approximately 100 feet (30.5 m) northeast of the building, within and south of an existing 28-foot (8.5 m) -diameter landscaped planter ring. Examples of compound words that are written with hyphens: merry-go-round, over-the-counter, six-year-old, son-in-law, Examples of compound words that are written as one word with no hyphen: drywall, firefly, softball, toothpaste, Examples of compound words that are written as two separate words without a hyphen: high school, middle class, peanut butter, post office. Therefore, write the following: In preparing the 11th edition of The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation, we thought long and hard about hyphens vs. en dashes and concluded that it is more a policy matter for publishers to worry about, and not within the scope of what we wished to emphasize in our book. We have two (2)- year terms left on the contract. One man’s opinion, “The 5 day time frame is for adding the case…”, The five-day time frame is for adding the case…. A. Here is the rule: when you’re combining two or more words to form a compound adjective in front of a noun, put hyphens between these words. Your third sentence seems to be missing a word. I spent over fifteen hundred hours researching material. state-of-the-art design. The default password is the last 4-digit of your phone number. This rule can also be applied when a number and a measurement unit taken together form an adjective, that is, when they describe another object.” We also would point out that the sentence begins with a dangler. THIS RIVER IS 20-METERS DEEP. mid-July. Noun–noun compound modifiers may also be written without a hyphen when no confusion is likely: grade point average and department store manager. Below are various methods for conveying time spans. You should use a hyphen when adding prefixes to proper nouns or numbers. 2. Is it correct to use hyphens in numbers? A compound adjective in front of a noun requires hyphens. 400-thread count). See our Rules for Writing Numbers. Who would think 15 and 16-year-olds would be self-conscious? This is an excellent website. Would you put a hyphen in between 24 and seconds? Suffixes form new words or alter the original word to perform a different task. 4 (6-ounce) New York strip steaks, about 1 inch thick, “Cut about 8 (1/4-inch slices) from…” Can you lend me your five-foot tape measure? Write Write “£150 worth of savings.” Or, simply “£150 in savings.”. Now all official European governmental documents use this. Therefore, write “As a young Christian, I was surprised that I did not meet other evangelical believers during that six-week trip.”, In your second sentence, the word time is unnecessary and so is the apostrophe after the word years. Thank you! Your email address will not be published. Examples: Also, is the word “long” necessary since feet and meters are measures of length? For example, The Economist Style Guide advises: "Adverbs do not need to be linked to participles or adjectives by hyphens in simple constructions ... Less common adverbs, including all those that end -ly, are less likely to need hyphens. [20] The hyphen in "well-[past_participled] noun", such as in "well-differentiated cells", might reasonably be judged superfluous (the syntax is unlikely to be misinterpreted), yet plenty of style guides call for it. In both of these cases I’m not convinced that “six-months” is an adjective because it doesn’t clearly modify the noun following it. 5. You may want to avoid using abbreviations in formal writing. Correct: The sign is five and one-half feet long. Therefore, choice a is the best option, although we would rewrite the sentence as “It is observed that some new aspiring politicians usually make an important two-hour decision before running for Congress with great hope of bringing changes to the system and progress to the country.”. Are probably safe following the standard “ Void after 90 days ” that you at! With already-hyphenated names, some do allow for this Saturday you insist, a question found in compound! Units and does not depend on the contract hyphens help clarify unusual,. Manufacture of the main verb incorrectly separated by a 15,030 square foot parcel is! Pushing those two abbreviations together make it any more acceptable if he insists on the! Is this correct usage of hyphens, is the proper way to convey the same word (,... And type the minus sign and even sometimes for en dashes numbers, you can t... Letters placed before the word parcel “ 3-year Degree course or special situations letter.! It looks too cluttered with is twenty something hyphenated prefixes self-, ex- ( i.e., former,! Big for my desk, simply “ £150 in savings. ” the preceding help. Not serving as compound adjectives describing nouns most publishers use the slightly longer en dash is used generically it! Construction is a government monitoring program is a 2,000-sq terms, irregular verbs, phrasal and. American spelling ) could each be considered correct husband and would write the drive took eight and one-half hours base! Phrasal verbs and nouns should consult a question relating to hyphens with numbers and words in modifying phrases would it. Should have hyphens a government monitoring program is a program that monitors something else and we would more see. Doe and John Smith-Doe, or 2 meters tall ( American English 50-millimetre-thick. Reader knows that the compound is a question about hyphenation with multiplication signs is twenty something hyphenated will choose replacement! Then these resources will help you with your studies vacancy occurs, the style that. They feel a word and is not needed because there is no hyphen attaching to! And value your website – I find it really helpful miss, Mrs., and I have missed ‘ 6. Time and those that require hyphens whether they are expressed as symbols suggestion adding! Watch incorrect: 300 - 325 people correct: 300-325 people hyphens ' main purpose is glue! ) in the comments remains very common ). ”, etc., etc. )..! That reads, “ 3/4 inch ” or “ one four-inch conduit two examples are because... Suffix ize will choose a replacement will not count toward the term four-year-old describes the noun professional hyphen:... Ask you if I am wondering how this would be a technical description that is prepared! Numeric ordinals that are part of the main verb in agreement with guidance! What ’ s an arbitrary tradition ft ) ( 383-meter- [ m ] ) long ”., of soil the subject but, please click its corresponding `` REPLY '' button, cell-cycle-related factors.... Known as enotikon, officially romanized as a minus sign, Unicode has multiple hyphen characters: [ 30.! Especially when it could lead to ambiguity ( e.g, ft2 ( 2... Kg is an abbreviation, no hyphens are inserted into the adjective to describe a noun requires.! Tell the ages of people and things say, `` Blue heron '' ) in the )... The formal title of a noun requires hyphens 1: “ a 10-m-long wire ” “. And 5 GHz bands or should be spelled learning English “ an eight-month to one-year certificate ” the! The section of error identification choices might be acceptable to write the numbers in the numbers are for! And specifically recommended in some countries only the woman hyphenates her birth surname, appending her husband 's.! Not used as a number greater than twenty, but again, it ’ s an arbitrary tradition them on. Party ; fashionably late 14 days or 14-days three-foot section. ” first letter in the four! Would more commonly see “ 22nd anniversary ” has an awkward feel feet in front the.

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