Other vital statistics like weight, shoe or bra size measurements have been sourced from newspapers, books, resumes or social media. One was the interaction between gender and country (F2,4310 = 39.81, P < 0.001). Multicollinearity is known to produce large standard errors in the related independent variables, but does not bias the whole model. Many articles describe overall effects: over-reporting of height and under-reporting of weight. The Dutch underestimated their weight by 1.1 ± 3.2 kg, the North Americans by 0.7 ± 2.9 kg and the Italians by 0.4 ± 2.4 kg. Age was also an important factor (F2,4310 = 7.37, P < 0.001). This study compares self-reported and measured values of weight and height in three countries. Their relationship produced Kelly Cristina and Edinho. They were always categorized one or two levels lower than their actual obesity status. No differences were found in height deciles (F9,4310 = 1.29, P = 0.23), meaning that smaller and taller people underestimate their weights equally. The interaction effects between gender and country (F2,4310 = 39.81, P < 0.001) showed that males’ and females’ reported BMI were underestimated differently depending on the country. Conclusion: We conclude that, apart from a general overestimation of height and underestimation of weight resulting in an underestimation of BMI, substantial differences are observed between countries, between females and males and between age groups. All participants were measured in 1999 or 2000 when they came to one of the measurement sites. Methods: Differences between self-reported and measured weights, heights and resulting BMIs are compared for representative samples of the adult population of Italy, the Netherlands and North America. 4, 6, 7 and 10). Procedures were the same at each of the sites. Pele is best known for being a Soccer Player. There was also a significant main effect for gender (F1,4310 = 60.23, P < 0.001), females (mean (M) = −1.05 kg) underestimated their weight more than males (M = −0.41 kg), in general. Fairly large differences, for instance, are reported in under- or overestimation of height and weight between children from different ethnic backgrounds within the Netherlands.3. As of 2020, His net worth is $120 million and thanks to his magnificent career as a footballer for this fortune. Perhaps you know a thing or two about Pele, however, how well do you know about him? Pele’s age is 79 years old as of today’s date 14th October 2020 having been born on 23 October 1940. Time to overcome the "anti-fat" bias. There are profiles of past athlete champions from a large range of sports. アンドロイドでも同様に端末の画面は様々ですから、割合で指定できると非常に便利です。, ここでは UI 要素のディメンション（すなわち、幅や高さ）を割合で指定する方法 を説明します。, 例えば、次のスクリーンショットでは赤と緑の部分の幅 (width) が１対１の割合になっています。, 高さは 50dp で固定。リニアレイアウトの中にビューがひとつあり、それの背景が赤 (#ff0000) に指定してあります。幅は親要素と同じ (match_parent) です。この結果、次のようになります。, さて次に、もうひとつ View を追加して、その背景色を緑 (#00ff00) に指定し、さらに赤と緑両方の View の幅を１対１になるように指定します。, ここでは layout_width は 0dp としています。ポイントは layout_weight の方です。, layout_weight は両方とも、0.5 に指定しています。これによって、1 対 1 （即ち 50% ずつになるようにしています。, ちなみに、ここでは HTML でのパーセント表示を意識して、0.5 + 0.5 = 1 のように、全体が 1 になるように 0.5 を指定しましたが、 Because there were six main effects, the number of interaction terms in the full model became too high for practical application. document.write("Page last modified: " + document.lastModified +""); Pelé got soccer lessons from his father and played for a couple of amateur teams during his teen years. The older group (46–65 years, M = −0.79 kg/m2, SD = 1.21 kg/m2) differed from both the young (18–30 years, M = −0.62 kg/m2, SD = 1.09 kg/m2) and the middle-aged group (31–45 years, M = −0.59 kg/m2, SD = 1.20 kg/m2). Weight is underestimated most by females, whereas height is overestimated most by males. A young Pele was raised in poverty but has twice won the youth championships of Sao Paolo. How much does Pelé weigh? Esophageal Atresia and Associated Duodenal Atresia: A Cohort Study and Review of the Literature. Please check for further notifications by email. His height is 1.73m tall, and his weight is 84 kg. Figure 1 shows the relation between BMI percentiles and observed BMI reporting errors. From receiving several honours to setting several records, he has achieved it all. Equitable access to COVID-19 vaccination: a distant dream? … How to Cite, home The main effects of weight deciles (F9,4310 = 1.68, P = 0.089) and BMI deciles (F9,4310 = 4.82, P < 0.001) were approaching significant and significant, respectively; post hoc Tukey HSD tests between BMI deciles revealed a gradual increase of the obesity difference from overestimation in the lowest decile to large underestimation in the higher deciles. He ruled soccer during his active years to the point where people even called him “King of Football”. He has scored a total of 1281 goals from 1363 games in his international career. He played a major role in every game he played. Pelé Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics are here. 実はこれは次のように 1 と 1 にしても同様です。この場合は重み付けの総和 (1 + 1 = 2) に対する割合が計算されます。, 重み付けの総和が 2 であるうち、それぞれの View の重みが 1 を占めるという考え方です。, weightSum が明示的に指定されない場合は、重みの総和が自動的に計算されます。指定した場合は、重みの総和と weightSum があっていなくても、 See his all girlfriends' names and complete biography. He was named after the American inventor Thomas Edison. The percentage of correctly classified persons (‘correctly’ defined as identical BMI categories from reported and measured values of weight and height) was 86.8% for females and 85.5% for males (the diagonals of the rows for ‘Total’), or, more specifically, 82.8 and 86.5% for women and men in Italy, 85.6 and 83.5% in the Netherlands and 88.6 and 86.1% in the North America. Second, separate analysis of variances (ANOVA)s were carried out with difference scores on weight, height or BMI as dependent variables with country, gender, age, height, weight and BMI deciles as factors. Search for other works by this author on: A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systematic review, Accuracy of self-reported height and weight in women: an integrative review of the literature, Differences in measured and self-reported height and weight in Dutch adolescents, Socioeconomic differentials in misclassification of height, weight and body mass index based on questionnaire data. Your comment will be reviewed and published at the journal's discretion. Our specific aims are (i) to explore the effect of regional information in relation with gender, age and height or weight or obesity status on systematic errors in reporting weight and height, and (ii) to examine the same effects on the resulting calculation of BMI. This study sample consisted of 408 males and 384 females in Italy (stature 173.6 ± 6.7 cm and 161.1 ± 6.2 cm respectively, weight 72.6 ± 10.4 kg and 57.5 ± 9.1 kg), 562 males and 695 females in the Netherlands (stature 181.4 ± 8.6 cm and 168.0 ± 7.6 cm, weight 83.8 ± 16.1 kg and 72.9 ± 15.5 kg) and 1106 males and 1248 females in North America (stature 177.8 ± 7.9 cm and 164.0 ± 7.2 cm, weight 85.8 ± 17.4 kg and 68.8 ± 17.5 kg). twitter, privacy Differences between self-reported and measured BMI-values related to the deciles of the BMI for males and females of three selected regions in the world. Heights are barefeet estimates, derived from quotations, official websites, agency resumes, in person encounters with actors at conventions and pictures/films. When BMI categories were used, considerable differences were observed between classifications using reported BMI and measured BMI. The ANOVAs on height difference showed four significant main effects by country, gender, age groups and height deciles. Moreover, main effects of BMI deciles and weight deciles were both significant when the BMI difference was the dependent variable. Migration or ethnic minority status and risk of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: systematic review, Association between early treatment hospitals, serum cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk in dyslipidemia patients, Comparison of physical activity levels in Spanish adults with chronic conditions before and during COVID-19 quarantine. In 2018, he was bestowed with the FWA Tribute Award. In all three countries, weight is generally under-reported and height over-reported, causing underestimation of BMI. It is feasible that cultural or ethnic differences15 also play a role, e.g. Well, if your all set, here is what I know. Difference scores were produced for height, weight and BMI. Though, he is 1.73 m tall, he weighs about 73 kg. Body mass index (BMI) values that are computed from weight and height are therefore also underestimated. He was part of the Brazilian national teams that won three World Cup championships (1958, 1962, and 1970). layout_weight によるレイアウトの重み付け ここでは UI 要素のディメンション（すなわち、幅や高さ）を割合で指定する方法 を説明します。 例えば、次のスクリーンショットでは赤と緑の部分の幅 (width) が1対1の割合になっています。 こうした指定はどのようにするのでしょうか。 The effect of age was again significant (F2,4310 = 19.06, P < 0.001). More specifically, a tendency toward the mean or ‘flat slope syndrome’,8,9 meaning overestimation of lower values and underestimation of higher values, is also reported frequently (see, for instance, refs. We found that this caused a moderate level of multicollinearity. For example, when the height difference was the dependent variable, we lost one of the significant interaction effects between country and weight deciles by dropping BMI deciles. Therefore, great care should be taken when combining self-reported data from studies in different countries, since regional differences may influence the results. (重み)/(重みの総和) がレイアウトに利用されます。, "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android". The present study investigates whether differences between self-reported and measured values are the same for populations from different regions, and the influences of gender and age. The present study investigates whether also regional differences exist with respect to the errors in reporting weight and height. advertising. He was named as the “Best Player” of the South American Championship in 1959. The data used have been assembled by identical procedures in three countries (Italy, the Netherlands and North America). BMI or body mass index can be calculated by taking the weight in pounds and height in inches or by taking the weight in kilograms and height in meters. His mother, Celeste Arantes gave birth to him in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1940. 191 to 258 lbs. He retired temporarily and joined New York Cosmos in 1974. There were two significant interaction effects associated with the country factor: country and gender (F2,4310 = 3.10, P = 0.045), and country and age groups (F2,4310 = 2.92, P = 0.019). Probably, the effect of the so-called ‘socially desirable ideal weight’ plays an important role here.13, Height was overestimated more by males (M = 1.7 cm) than by females (M = 1.5 cm) and much more by Italians (M = 2.6 cm) than by participants from the Netherlands (M = 1.0 cm) and North America (M = 1.2 cm). Though, he is 1.73 m tall, he weighs about 73 kg. disclaimer In 1999, he was voted Football Player of the Century by the IFFHS. © The Author 2010. The results are shown in Table 2. Eight subjects were removed from the data because they were either below 18 or above 65 years old, 20 participants had missing data on age, height and/or weight, five persons were excluded from the data set because they were extreme outliers with respect to stature or weight and 23 participants were removed because they had extreme differences between reported and measured height (>20 cm) or weight (>25 kg).

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