Giustini D, Boulus M: Google Scholar is not enough to be used alone for systematic reviews. Changes in herbicide/insecticide use could also modify agricultural practices, such as encourage tillage, weed management, or monoculture. If 'regenerative agriculture' worked, they'd embrace it, New Zealand dairy scientist says. Evidence of the environmental benefits of GM crops include: Some of the most significant benefits from GM crops, yet least recognized, are the health and lifestyle benefits. Acta Herbologica 25:35-42. Moreover, governance mechanisms and market power of different actors would also be affected (e.g., These benefits are why farmers choose to grow GMO crops, and also why the agricultural industry has generally accepted GMOs. The rapid adoption of GM crops has returned benefits substantially beyond expectations. Google Scholar. Prog Phys Geogr 2012, 36: 747–763. [12]); educational level (e.g., However, the argument against GMO adoption often points to a negative impact on small-scale agriculture. Brookes and Barfoot estimate that leading up to 2014 an, In a meta-analysis of 147 studies on GM crop impacts, Klümper and Qaim found, Subramanian and Qaim found Bt cotton adoption in India raised vulnerable household incomes (those defined as living on less than $2/day) by, In the USA, Hutchinson and his group found GM corn adoption created an additional, According to researchers at the University of Saskatchewan, Western Canada experiences, Yorobe and Smale found that the adoption of GM corn in the Philippines, Vitale and colleagues calculated that Bt cotton adoption in Burkina Faso resulted in a profit of, Pray and colleagues found that Bt cotton adoption in China allowed farmers to spray less frequently, in some instances, Huang and colleagues observed that Chinese Bt cotton farmers had. [20]). Anderson K, Jackson L, Nielsen C: Genetically Modified Rice Adoption: Implications for Welfare and Poverty Alleviation. 24Demont M and Stein A (2013). Finally, cultural aspects may be impacted as well; for example, GM seeds need to be purchased, causing a disturbance in the traditional exchange of seeds among indigenous farmers (along with potential changes in identity and trust among involved farmers).The main aspects considered within this topic are presented graphically in a conceptual model (Figure  Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) Crop use 1996–2016: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions. 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2005.00222.x, Coleno F, Angevin F, Lecroart B: A model to evaluate the consequences of GM and non-GM segregation scenarios on GM crop placement in the landscape and crosspollination risk management. 3Kishore GM et al. Agribusiness perspectives on transgenic wheat. Currently, about 842 million people (one in eight people in the world) suffer chronic hunger, unable to obtain the amount of food necessary to conduct an active life The time has come to stop denying there are no benefits from GM crops or to be called out a lack of ethics and morals. Aerni P, Scholderer J, Ermen D: How Would Swiss Consumers Decide if they had Freedom of Choice? Primary social, ethical, and cultural aspects are also depicted in the conceptual model. Actors performing different functions within the supply chain are vertically linked through buying and selling relationships. 13Stokstad E (2004). 3). 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.06.013, Carletto C, Zezza A, Banerjee R: Towards better measurement of household food security: harmonizing indicators and the role of household surveys. Med Res Methodol 2011, 11: 1–12. Under shareholder pressure, Bayer hires law firm to initiate ‘radical overhaul’ of glyphosate litigation strategy, Gene for wheat resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) discovered, https://croplife.org/plant-biotechnology/regulatory-2/cost-of-bringing-a-biotech-crop-to-market/, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/31/business/global/japan-suspends-some-imports-of-us-wheat.html, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-wheat-gmo-japan/japan-suspends-sale-of-canadian-wheat-after-gmo-wheat-found-in-alberta-idUSKBN1JB100, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-13/drought-stricken-wheat-belts-get-thorny-solution-from-argentina, http://ucbiotech.org/resources/factsheets/LibertyLink.pdf, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-07-01/bayer-to-pay-750-million-to-end-lawsuits-over-genetically-modified-rice, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997586,00.html, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-food/debate-over-gm-eggplant-consumes-india-idUSTRE61F0RS20100216, https://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=231149, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-editorials/they-want-gm-crops-farmers-revolt-is-the-outcome-of-a-decade-long-political-paralysis-which-must-end/, https://www.ifpri.org/publication/impacts-bt-brinjal-eggplant-technology-bangladesh, https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2020/01/29/viewpoint-on-the-wrong-side-of-humanity-and-science-greenpeace-philippines-launches-last-gasp-effort-to-derail-gmo-golden-rice-approval/.

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