Buoyed by the successes of Proleukin, as well as strong sales of its blood-testing products, vaccines, and insulin, Chiron posted a 1993 profit of $18.4 million on revenue of $317.5 million. Lance also more tightly focused the company's research efforts, emphasizing blood-screening applications and a handful of the most promising new drugs, as well as attempting to find new uses for current drugs, including Proleukin and Betaseron. By this time, Betaseron had proven to be less than the blockbuster anticipated due to troubling side effects and the 1996 FDA approval of the competing drug Avonex, which had been developed by Biogen, Inc. Chiron had also encountered difficulty manufacturing its whooping cough vaccine that had emerged from final testing in mid-1995; as a result, competing vaccines reached the market first. Principal Competitors: Abbott Laboratories; American Home Products Corporation; Amgen Inc.; Aventis Pasteur; Bayer Corporation; Biogen, Inc.; Genentech, Inc.; Genzyme Corporation; Immunex Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Merck & Co., Inc.; Roche Holding Ltd.; Schering Plough Corporation; SmithKline Beecham plc; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Ltd. (Australia); Chiron Mimotopes U.S.; Chiron Redevelopment Corporation; Chiron Foreign Sales Corporation (U.S. Virgin Islands); Chiron Funding LLC; Chiron Funding Corporation; Biocent Insurance Company, Inc.; Chiron AB (Sweden); Chiron Vision Canada, Inc.; Chiron Behring Vaccines Limited (India; 51%). In the first half of 1999 Chiron launched a new blood testing system for both HIV and hepatitis C that used a new nucleic acid testing process and was an improvement over previous systems. In the spring of 1989, Chiron raised $52 million through an equity offering and sold an eight percent share to Ciba-Geigy. (France); Chiron Technologies Pty. In 1983, Chiron made another breakthrough when it became the first to clone epidermal growth factors--a genetically engineered protein that controls the way a wound heals. Under Lance's leadership, Chiron began restructuring, closing facilities in St. Louis and Puerto Rico, integrating others, and selling off another unit. Advances in the field rapidly ensued, and several companies sprang up in the early 1980s with the intent of developing these discoveries into marketable healthcare products. A 14-month CEO search finally ended in March 1998 with the hiring of Seán P. Lance, a 30-year pharmaceutical industry veteran who had most recently served as the head of international operations at Glaxo Wellcome plc. In 1996 and 1997 Chiron suffered a series of setbacks. Principal Subsidiaries: Cetus Generic Corporation; Chiron B.V. (Netherlands); Cephalon Chiron B.V. (Netherlands); Chiron Blood Testing B.V. (Netherlands); Chiron Blood Testing S.a.r.l. All rights reserved. In addition to an infusion of cash, Chiron also gained full control of the Biocine vaccine joint venture and took over Ciba-Geigy's Corning Diagnostics unit. Unlike many start-up biotech firms at that time, Chiron did not intend to become a fully integrated pharmaceutical company. The company has an alliance with Swiss life sciences company Novartis AG, which holds about 44 percent of Chiron's common stock.

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